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independence Day
Every year on August 15, it was observed as the national holiday of India, commemorating the independence of the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the adoption of the Independent Legislation of India in 1947, the transfer of legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly The India still ranks King George VI as head of state until the transition to a fully republican constitution. The independence movement points out that India is independent of the Indian non-violent resistance and civil disobedience dominated by the Indian National Assembly (INC). Independence and India are divided into India, the United Kingdom and India in the religious sector is divided into India and Pakistan\'s ruling areas; accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, due to religious violence caused by nearly 15 million people displaced. On August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the prime minister, raised the Indian flag at the Red Fort Lauren Gate in New Delhi, India. On subsequent Independence Day, the Prime Minister usually presents the national flag and speaks to the nation. [1]
The entire Indian holiday is held to lift the ceremony, *** and cultural events. There is a national holiday, schools and government offices that spread candy, but did not do formal work. [twenty three]
History [edit]
Main article: Indian independence movement
European traders established an outpost in the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century. British East India Company through overwhelming military strength, *** the local kingdom, and established itself as the leading force in the 18th century. After the first independent war in 1857, the Indian government in 1858 led the British royal family to direct control of India. After decades, the civil society of India gradually emerged, most notably the Indian National Congress, founded in 1885. [4] [5]: 123 After the First World War, the British reforms such as the Montague-Chelmsford Reform, but also witnessed the promulgation of the "repressive leerat Act" and called for India to be active Molecular autonomy. The discontent of this period, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, has formed a national nonviolent non-cooperative and civil disobedience movement. [5]: 167
In the 1930s, reform was gradually enacted by the British; Congress won in the final election. [5]: 195-197 The next decade was troubled by political turmoil: India participated in the Second World War, Congress finally promoted non-cooperation, as well as by the All India Muslim League. The escalation of political tensions was limited by independent States in 1947. This event by the subcontinent *** into India and Pakistan\'s bloody impact. [5]: 203
Independence Day Independence Day
At the Lahore meeting of the National Assembly in 1929, the "Purna Svalbard" or the "Declaration of Independence", [6] and 26 January were declared Independence Day. [6] The General Assembly called on people to ensure that citizens do not obey their own, continue to implement the instructions of the General Assembly until India is completely independent [7] to celebrate such an independent day is to stimulate the Indian citizens of nationalism enthusiasm, forcing the British government to consider giving independence. [8]: 19 The General Assembly on January 26 as Independence Day between 1930 and 1946. [9] 10] [8]: 19-20 Jawaharlal Nehru describes in his autobiography that such a meeting is peaceful, solemn, "without any utterance or exhortation". [11] Gandhi envisions that, in addition to the meeting, this day will cost "do some constructive work, whether it is spinning, or service" can not touch ", or Hindus and Muslims reunion, or prohibit work, or even All of these "[12]. After the actual independence in 1947, the Indian Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950. Since then, January 26 was celebrated as Republic Day.
Immediate background [edit]
In 1946, the British labor government, its recent depletion of this wealth at the end of the Second World War, realized that it had no domestic duties, international support, and no local forces continued to control the increasingly unstable India\'s reliable Sex. In February 1947, Clement Prime Minister Clement announced that the British government will be in June 1948 to the British India to provide a comprehensive autonomy. [13] [14] [15]
New Prime Minister, Lord Mountbatten, put forward the date of power transfer, arguing that the ongoing debate between Congress and the Muslim coalition could lead to the collapse of the interim government. [17] August 15, he chose the second world war Japan surrendered the second anniversary,
celebration
Flag ceremonies and cultural events are held throughout government agencies and non-governmental organizations throughout the country. [28] Schools and colleges carry out banner hoisting ceremonies and cultural events. The main government buildings are often filled with strings. [29] In Delhi and some other cities, kite flying increased the occasion. [25] [30] The flag of different sizes is used to symbolize loyalty to the nation. [31] Citizens decorate their clothes, wristbands, cars, home accessories, with three-color replicas. [31] During a period of time, the celebration has shifted its focus from nationalism to broadly celebrating all things in India. [32] [33] Independence Day is one of India\'s three National Day Holidays (the other two are the Republic of January 26) and the October 2 San Diego Gandhi Santa Claus birthday), in all Indian and trade union territories Are observed. On the eve of Independence Day, the President of India proposed "to speak to the country". On August 15, the Prime Minister lifted the Indian flag to the walls of the Red Fort in Delhi. To commemorate the solemn occasion, twenty-one shot was shot. [25] In his speech, the Prime Minister stressed that the achievements of the past year have raised major issues and called for further development. He praised the leaders of the Indian independence movement. The Indian national song "Jana Gana Mana" sang. After the speech is the Indian armed forces and paramilitary forces forward. *** and FIT showcase the scenes of independent struggle and Indian multicultural traditions. Similar events occurred in the state ministers announced the flag, followed by the state of the prose and prose. [26] [27]
Indian nationals celebrate Independence Day *** and walks around the world, especially in India where immigrants are highly concentrated. [34] In some places, such as New York and other American cities, August 15 has become the "Indian Day" between the diaspora and the local people. August 15th or adjacent to the weekend to celebrate "Indian Day". [35]
Security threats
After three years of independence, the Naga National Committee called for the boycott of the Independence Day in northeastern India. [36] In the eighties, the activities of the region\'s *** *** intensified, calling for rebellion and terrorist attacks and other rebel groups, such as the UAE Liberation Front and the Bodol national *** front, destroyed the celebration. [37] As the rebels of Jammu and Kashmir were growing in the late eighties, [38] *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** **** [39] [40] [41] Terrorist equipment such as Rushkar-Tiber, Islamic Muslims and Jehovah Muhammad threatened and attacked on Independence Day. [42] The rebellious Maoist organization also advocated boycotting the celebration. [43] [44]
Especially in the terrorist attacks of armed elements, security measures intensified, especially in Delhi, Mumbai and other major cities, as well as Jammu and Kashmir and other paralyzed countries. [45] [46] The airspace around the Red Fort was declared a no-fly zone for the ban on air attacks, and there were other *** deployed in other cities. [48]
Pop Culture
On Independence Day and Republic Day, patriotic songs [49] in the regional language of television and radio broadcasts also played with the banner hoisting ceremony. [49] Patriotic movies are broadcast [28] For decades, according to the Indian "The Times" reported that the number of these films has been reduced, channels reported that the audience of patriotic movies over saturation. [50] Population groups belonging to the "next generation" often combine nationalism with pop culture in celebration. Examples of such mixtures are garments and flavors that are dyed with tattoos and garments on behalf of various Indian cultural traditions. [32] [51] Retail stores offer independent day promotions. [52] [53] Some news reports condemned commercialism. [52] [55] [55] The Indian Post Office published a commemorative stamp depicting independent movement leaders, nationalist themes and national defense-related themes on 15 August. [56]
Independence and *** inspired literature and other artistic creation. [57] This creation mainly describes the cost of human division, the festival is limited to a small part of its narrative. [58] [59] Salman Rushdie\'s novel "Midnight Child" (1980) won the book of the Booker and Booker books, around the August 14, 1947, at midnight, the narrative of children, with magical abilities The Midnight Freedom (1975) is a non-fictional work by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, recording the surrounding events
